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Solo Patent Attorneys and Agents

The answer

Far fewer than the roster suggests, and a small number of them do most of the work. Of 54,221 registered US patent practitioners, 24,913 list a firm of one. Following their filings rather than their roster entry, 2,521 actually file as a solo practice. Within those, the top 10% make 68.2% of all solo filings.

A practitioner's roster entry says what they call their practice. It does not say whether they file alone. These two questions give different answers, and the gap between them is most of this page.

What the filings show, among practitioners whose roster entry is a firm of one
24,536 practitioners searched, every one of them in the bar. Government employees (377) were not searched.
Files as a solo practice (2,521)
10.3%
Sole in-house practitioner (80)
0.3%
Files within a larger roster (4,815)
19.6%
No filing found since 2020 (17,120)
69.8%
Seven in ten have no filing found at all since 2020, and one in five files on an account belonging to a larger roster, so their work is not solo in any sense a client would recognise. "No filing found" is searched by registration number only, so it is an upper bound: a practitioner whose filings carry a different number, or none, looks the same as one who filed nothing. From an exploratory analysis: the study had no plan written before it ran, so no test was set in advance.
USPTO roster of 31 October 2026 and the Open Data Portal search API, applications filed from 1 January 2020.

The roster is today's, read backwards. A practitioner who left the register before 31 October 2026 is not in any figure on this page, however much they filed.

What the roster field predicts

The firm field is a weak signal, but it is not nothing.

Share who actually file as a solo practice, by what their roster entry says
These are four separate rates, each against its own group of practitioners. They are not parts of a whole and do not sum to 100%. Bars run from zero.
Names a practice
26.3%
Names a practice, name only
11.8%
No firm listed
5.2%
Names a company or other organization
3.5%
A practitioner who names a practice is five times as likely to file alone as one who lists no firm, and seven times as likely as one who names a company. Even at the top of that range, three quarters of those who name a practice do not show up as filing alone. From an exploratory analysis: the study had no plan written before it ran, so no test was set in advance.

How concentrated solo filing is

Counting only the 2,521 who do file as a solo practice, the distribution is steep.

Share of practices against share of filings, by volume band
2,521 solo practices and 197,860 applications filed since 2020. Bars run from zero.
1 to 9 applications: share of practices
40.5%
1 to 9 applications: share of filings
1.8%
10 to 49 applications: share of practices
31.6%
10 to 49 applications: share of filings
9.8%
50 to 249 applications: share of practices
22.3%
50 to 249 applications: share of filings
31.3%
250 or more applications: share of practices
5.6%
250 or more applications: share of filings
57.2%
The smallest band is 40.5% of practices and 1.8% of filings; the largest is 5.6% of practices and 57.2% of filings. Cumulatively the top 10% of practices make 68.2% of solo filings, the top 20% make 82.2%, and the top half make 96.7%. The median solo practice has filed 15 applications in nearly seven years. From an exploratory analysis: the study had no plan written before it ran, so no test was set in advance.

The largest band is described as accounts with one registered practitioner of record, not as one person's work. A single registered name on a filing is not proof of a one-person practice, and at these volumes it is unlikely to be one.

Where the volume sits, year by year

Share of each year's solo filings, by band
Each year is a whole bar. The value beside it is that year's solo filings. 2025 and 2026 are floors, because recent applications are still being published.
1 to 9 applications since 2020
10 to 49 applications since 2020
50 to 249 applications since 2020
250 or more applications since 2020
2020
33,875
2021
34,767
2022
32,692
2023
33,801
2024
34,620
2025
23,703
2026
4,403
The largest band's share of solo filings rises from 49.1% in 2020 to 62.9% in 2024, while the smallest band's falls from 3.1% to 1.3% over the same years. Solo filing is becoming more concentrated, not less. 2025 and 2026 are left out of that comparison because they are floors. From an exploratory analysis: the study had no plan written before it ran, so no test was set in advance.
Share of each year's solo filings by volume band. The stacked bars above draw these rows.
Year1 to 910 to 4950 to 249250 or more
20203.1%12.7%35.1%49.1%
20212.0%11.1%33.0%53.8%
20221.7%9.9%32.8%55.7%
20231.5%8.9%29.4%60.3%
20241.3%8.0%27.9%62.9%
20251.0%7.6%28.8%62.6%
20261.1%9.5%30.7%58.7%
Solo practices with a visible filing, by year
Bars run from zero, scaled to the 2,521 solo practices in all. Bars for 2025 and 2026 are floors.
2020
1,984
2021
1,914
2022
1,823
2023
1,756
2024
1,649
2025 (floor)
1,416
2026 (floor)
802
Active solo practices fall every year from 2020 to 2024 while their share of all visible filings holds between 5.2% and 5.6%, so the fall tracks the filing population rather than a retreat from solo practice. The last two bars are floors and should not be read as a drop. From an exploratory analysis: the study had no plan written before it ran, so no test was set in advance.
Solo practices with a visible filing, their applications, and their share of all visible US filings.
YearSolo practicesApplicationsShare of all filings
20201,98433,8755.5%
20211,91434,7675.6%
20221,82332,6925.2%
20231,75633,8015.4%
20241,64934,6205.6%
2025 (floor)1,41623,7035.0%
2026 (floor)8024,4034.1%

Who they are and where

Share who are patent agents rather than attorneys, by volume band
Four separate rates, each against its own band. Bars run from zero.
1 to 9: agents rather than attorneys
24.9%
10 to 49: agents rather than attorneys
18.8%
50 to 249: agents rather than attorneys
23.7%
250 or more: agents rather than attorneys
36.6%
Agents are a larger share of the highest-volume band than of any other. The median solo practice files almost entirely for small and micro entities in the three lower bands (a median share of 1.00, 1.00 and 0.98) and less so in the largest (0.86). From an exploratory analysis: the study had no plan written before it ran, so no test was set in advance.
Solo practices by state
2,388 US-based solo practices. States with fewer than 30 are merged into "other states". Bars run from zero, scaled to the largest.
CA
461
TX
228
NY
152
FL
135
VA
95
NJ
90
IL
89
PA
75
WA
73
CO
68
MA
67
MI
55
AZ
55
OH
55
GA
54
other states
636
A further 133 solo practices are outside the United States, 58 of them in Canada and the rest merged into "other countries" because each is under 30. From an exploratory analysis: the study had no plan written before it ran, so no test was set in advance.

Nothing on this page grades, ranks or identifies any practitioner. Every figure is a count or a share of a group, the smallest group reported is 30, and no maximum, individual value or per-practitioner point appears anywhere.

Our own counts from the USPTO roster and the Open Data Portal. These describe what the public record shows about past filings. They say nothing about any particular practitioner, they are associations rather than causes, and none of this is legal advice.

The figures on this page are available as a CSV: /data/solo-patent-attorneys-and-agents.csv. It is generated from the tables and charts above, so it carries the same numbers and cannot fall out of step with them.